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Wednesday, October 19, 2011
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Thursday, September 8, 2011
WET TAIL ( EKOR BASAH ) PADA HAMSTER
Wet tail ( ekor basah ) merupakan penyakit sangat serius yang berhubungan dengan usus ( enteritis regional atau proliferatif ileitis ) menyerang hamsters muda dan sering menyebabkan kematian. Penyakit ini dinamakan wet tail sebab gejala utama adalah diarrhea dan pada hamster sering menyebabkan ekor kotor dan basah.
Wet tail disebabkan oleh bakteri yang disebut Lawsonia intracellularis, yang dapat juga menyebabkan penyakit pada babi, kuda, anjing, musang, primata, dan hewan lain, tetapi penyakit ini tidak dapat menular ke manusia. Wet tail biasanya dialami hamster yang baru dilahirkan sekitar umur 3 - 6 minggu, tetapi hamster semua umur peka terhadap penyakit ini. Semua keturunan hamster dapat mengalami wet tail, tetapi jenis hamster ekor panjang 'teddy bear' paling peka terhadap penyakit ini.
Gejala dari wet tail meliputi :
Terapi wet tail meliputi :
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Gejala dari wet tail meliputi :
- Umumnya lethargic ( lesu ), kehilangan selera makan dan biasanya berhenti grooming.
- Diare encer yang menyebabkan basah, dikotori, dan mengusutkan area di sekitar anus dan ekor. Diare menyebabkan dehidrasi.
- Mata nampak sayu dan melorot sebagi efek dehidrasi.
- Hamster sering duduk agak membungkuk' dan dapat menimbulkan iritasi karena abdominal yang tidak nyaman.
- Pada kasus serius, darah mungkin keluar bersama diare atau terlihat di sekitar anus, kadang anus juga dapat menonjol ke luar karena sering merejan.
Terapi wet tail meliputi :
- Antibiotik untuk membunuh bakteri.
- Terapi suportif meliputi pemberian cairan subcutaneous untuk mengoreksi dehidrasi.
- Pemberian antidiare untuk mengurangi sebagian dari gejala wet tail.
- Tempat tinggal hamster harus tetap bersih dan hangat.
- Hamster harus tinggal pada lingkungan yang bersih untuk mengurangi transmisi bakteri dari induk atau hamster lain pada hamster muda, menghindari peluang terjadi nya kontaminasi makan atau air minum dengan feses.
- Sebelum membeli hamster muda, tanyakan apakah hamster tinggal dengan hamster lain yang memiliki riwayat wet tail dalam satu kandang pemeliharaan.
- Hindari stres padahamster muda ketika dipindahkan pada lingkungan baru, batasi memegang hamster pada hari - hari pertama hamster beradaptasi dengan tempat tinggal barunya.
- Memelihara hamster dengan kondisi tempat tinggal serupa sebelumnya dan pemberian pakan yang sama untuk beberapa hari kemudian baru secara perlahan menambah atau mengganti dengan makanan baru.
WEIGHT REDUCTION FOR CATS
Overweight cats are at risk for health problems and do not generally live as long as cats that are trim. To determine if your cat is overweight, run your hand along his side.
If you can not feel his ribs, it is time to start a weight reduction program. If your cat does not have a waist, that is another indication it is time to start a weight reduction program.
A weight reduction program for cats should with eliminate table scraps and reduce treats, because table scraps are often high in fats and sugars, and thus in calories.
Feeding your cat before you cook or eat may help decrease his begging. If you cannot resist giving treats, choose a treat that is made for cats and is low in fat.
Examples include :
For cats who like to be groomed, a good brushing can take the place of food treats. If you ask your cat, she will probably say your attention is the best treat she could have.
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A weight reduction program for cats should with eliminate table scraps and reduce treats, because table scraps are often high in fats and sugars, and thus in calories.
Feeding your cat before you cook or eat may help decrease his begging. If you cannot resist giving treats, choose a treat that is made for cats and is low in fat.
Examples include :
- Air-popped popcorn, non-salted and non-buttered
- Broccoli
- Cooked green beans
- Baked or frozen canned diet foodCut small slices of canned food and bake them at 350 ºF until crisp. Store in refrigerator. Alternatively, simply freeze slices of the canned food and feed it frozen to your cat.
- Commercial low calorie cat treats
For cats who like to be groomed, a good brushing can take the place of food treats. If you ask your cat, she will probably say your attention is the best treat she could have.
VIPER
The viper snake is very colorful and robust. The viper snake has red and some have brown eyes they have yellow skin but some are also green. This color helps the viper snake camouflage. The viper snake is a very short snake compared to most of the other type of snakes. She is 50 to 65cm long.
The viper snake mainly lives in places that are wet in the rainforest like woodlands; riverbanks, bogs and also they live in mountains. The viper snake in the rain forest lives in wet places and also in mountains in small caves. The viper snake lives in the forest floor.
The viper snake mainly eats amphibians and the snake can stay a whole year without eating. Another diet of the viper snake is small mammals, lizards and nestling.
The snake adapts by; they hang with their tail to a branch and catch their prey. The way the snake kills its prey to eat it is, first they capture the prey and puts their venom in the prey and they wait for the effect of the venom and then it eats it. Another way is when a bird passes the viper snake camouflages in the bushes and captures the bird.
The viper snake reproduces by the male following the female until the female lets him copulate with her. In the month of August the female gives birth to 20 live young, the egg stays in the females mouth until its well fed by the mother giving them food, and then they come out. When the young its ready to come out they are set free in the wild.
The bite of the viper snake is so powerful you would need instant medication because you would lose a lot of blood. The venom of the viper snake is not used for predators meaning they don’t fight with the venom, the venom is only used for the prey so the viper snake can eat it. Their venom has more than a dozen toxic components.
The enemies of the viper snake are the birds, rats and humans. The birds are their enemies because when the snake is small the birds eat small snakes. The humans are their enemies because the humans like there skin and they kill it so they can have it and wear it. The viper snake is endangered because of their soft skin, because it is so smooth that people like to wear it and also have it. They are also endangered because they are interesting and also because people have them dissected. The viper snake is an animal that can have a lot of babies.
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The viper snake mainly lives in places that are wet in the rainforest like woodlands; riverbanks, bogs and also they live in mountains. The viper snake in the rain forest lives in wet places and also in mountains in small caves. The viper snake lives in the forest floor.
The viper snake mainly eats amphibians and the snake can stay a whole year without eating. Another diet of the viper snake is small mammals, lizards and nestling.
The snake adapts by; they hang with their tail to a branch and catch their prey. The way the snake kills its prey to eat it is, first they capture the prey and puts their venom in the prey and they wait for the effect of the venom and then it eats it. Another way is when a bird passes the viper snake camouflages in the bushes and captures the bird.
The viper snake reproduces by the male following the female until the female lets him copulate with her. In the month of August the female gives birth to 20 live young, the egg stays in the females mouth until its well fed by the mother giving them food, and then they come out. When the young its ready to come out they are set free in the wild.
The bite of the viper snake is so powerful you would need instant medication because you would lose a lot of blood. The venom of the viper snake is not used for predators meaning they don’t fight with the venom, the venom is only used for the prey so the viper snake can eat it. Their venom has more than a dozen toxic components.
The enemies of the viper snake are the birds, rats and humans. The birds are their enemies because when the snake is small the birds eat small snakes. The humans are their enemies because the humans like there skin and they kill it so they can have it and wear it. The viper snake is endangered because of their soft skin, because it is so smooth that people like to wear it and also have it. They are also endangered because they are interesting and also because people have them dissected. The viper snake is an animal that can have a lot of babies.
VETERINARY EXAMINATION FOR WEIGHT CONTROL
Certain medical conditions can cause obesity in pets and any pet with a weight problem should be examined by a veterinarian prior to initiating a weight control program.
The veterinarian will determine if there is an underlying cause for the obesity or if there are other medical conditions present, which could complicate weight reduction.
The rate of weight loss in obese cats is critical to their overall health. Certified veterinary nutritionists are a good resource. The veterinarian is also a valuable resource in helping establish a weight reduction program specific for owner and pet.
For example : an overweight cat should not be placed on a severely calorie-restricted diet ( serious and even fatal liver failure can occur ).
When starting a weight reduction program, veterinarian can help pet owner determine a realistic weight goal and timeline. It is important to understand how long the process may take. In general, a good goal to aim for is 1-2% of the body weight per week. We do not want the pet to lose weight too fast, since rapid weight loss increases the likelihood the weight will come back after the weight reduction diet is stopped.
In addition, in some pets such as cats , rapid weight loss can result in severe liver disease and even failure due to hepatic lipidosis.
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The veterinarian will determine if there is an underlying cause for the obesity or if there are other medical conditions present, which could complicate weight reduction.
The rate of weight loss in obese cats is critical to their overall health. Certified veterinary nutritionists are a good resource. The veterinarian is also a valuable resource in helping establish a weight reduction program specific for owner and pet.
For example : an overweight cat should not be placed on a severely calorie-restricted diet ( serious and even fatal liver failure can occur ).
When starting a weight reduction program, veterinarian can help pet owner determine a realistic weight goal and timeline. It is important to understand how long the process may take. In general, a good goal to aim for is 1-2% of the body weight per week. We do not want the pet to lose weight too fast, since rapid weight loss increases the likelihood the weight will come back after the weight reduction diet is stopped.
In addition, in some pets such as cats , rapid weight loss can result in severe liver disease and even failure due to hepatic lipidosis.
URETER DISEASE AT PET ANIMALS
1. Obstruction of ureter.
Obstruction of ureter cause hydronephrosis. In general obstruction happened is unilateral, but can also bilateral that always be followed with uremia as a effect of hydronephrosis. Therapy of causal and symptomatic to uremia.
Vesicoureteral reflux is regurgitation stream of urine from the bladder return to ureter. This matter can happened at young dog because underdeveloped ureter finely, but also can happened because :
3. Ectopic ureter.
At normal animal ureter have estuary at the bladder in trigonal area, but at dog one or both ureter can have estuary outside of the bladder. This situation can occur at female animal with ureter have estuary at uterus, vagina or urethra. There is no sphincter at the end distal of ureter that ectopic will cause happened reflux so that represent predisposition factor to bacterium at renal. Therapy of ectopic ureter can be done with surgery.
Diagnose of ectopic ureter include :
Read More......
Obstruction of ureter cause hydronephrosis. In general obstruction happened is unilateral, but can also bilateral that always be followed with uremia as a effect of hydronephrosis. Therapy of causal and symptomatic to uremia.
- Cause of obstruction inside ureter such as urolith, blood clot, neoplasm, inflammatory, stricture of ureter wall.
- Cause of obstruction outside ureter such as dysplasia of ureter effect of torsion or hernia, mass in abdomen, torsio of ureter effect of renal dystopia.
Vesicoureteral reflux is regurgitation stream of urine from the bladder return to ureter. This matter can happened at young dog because underdeveloped ureter finely, but also can happened because :
- Inflammatory at ureterovesical junction.
- Obstruction of lower urinary tract.
- Ectopic ureter.
3. Ectopic ureter.
At normal animal ureter have estuary at the bladder in trigonal area, but at dog one or both ureter can have estuary outside of the bladder. This situation can occur at female animal with ureter have estuary at uterus, vagina or urethra. There is no sphincter at the end distal of ureter that ectopic will cause happened reflux so that represent predisposition factor to bacterium at renal. Therapy of ectopic ureter can be done with surgery.
Diagnose of ectopic ureter include :
- According of anamnesis there are incontinence of urine congenital, and at bilateral ectopic ureter have never seen normal mikturisi.
- At palpation do not there are distention of the bladder.
- Existence of abnormal orifisium at vagina wall through inspection with endoscope.
- Inspection of radiographic.
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